Some Explorations , Using Canadian Data , of the S - Variable in
نویسنده
چکیده
A number of authors have suggested that economies face a long-run inflation-unemployment trade-off due to downward nominal-wage rigidity. This theory has implications for the nature of the short-run Phillips curve when wage inflation is low. Akerlof, Dickens and Perry have developed an empirical model in which a variable (S) designed to capture the effect of downward nominal-wage rigidity is constructed as part of the estimation of the short-run Phillips curve. Adding this variable dramatically improves the dynamic out-of-sample inflation forecasts of the curve in both the United States and Canada. In this paper we perform a variety of tests using both real and constructed data to address whether the addition of S truly does provide a better estimate of the short-run Phillips curve, and whether this constitutes evidence that downward nominal-wage rigidity increases the natural rate of unemployment in times of low wage inflation. Our main conclusion is that the performance of the S-enhanced Phillips curve in dynamic simulations is independent of whether downward nominal-wage rigidity is an important feature of the macroeconomy. JEL classifications: C52, E24, E50 Bank classifications: Monetary policy framework; Transmission of monetary policy Résumé Selon plusieurs auteurs, les économies seraient aux prises avec un arbitrage entre l’inflation et le chômage à long terme en raison de la rigidité à la baisse des salaires nominaux. La nature de la courbe de Phillips à court terme s’en trouverait alors modifiée en période de faible hausse des salaires. Akerlof, Dickens et Perry ont mis au point un modèle empirique dans lequel une variable (appelée S) destinée à saisir l’incidence de la rigidité des salaires nominaux est intégrée à l’estimation de la courbe de Phillips à court terme. L’insertion de cette variable permet d’améliorer considérablement les prévisions dynamiques de l’inflation produites par la courbe de Phillips au delà de la période d’estimation, tant pour les États-Unis que pour le Canada. Dans leur étude, Seamus Hogan et Lise Pichette appliquent un éventail de tests à des données réelles et artificielles en vue d’ établir si l’addition de la variable S donne lieu effectivement à une amélioration de l’estimation de la courbe de Phillips à court terme et si cette amélioration, le cas échéant, indique que la rigidité à la baisse des salaires nominaux fait augmenter le taux de chômage naturel en période de faible progression des salaires. Les auteurs concluent que le pouvoir de prévision de la courbe de Phillips augmentée de S en simulation dynamique ne varie pas selon qu’il y ait ou non rigidité des salaires nominaux dans l’économie. Classifications JEL : C52, E24, E50 Classifications de la Banque : Cadre de la politique2 monétaire; Transmission de la politique monétaire
منابع مشابه
Occurrence of Prehnite, Pumpellyite and Garnet in Biotite from Granitic Rocks of the Canadian Appalachians: A Mineral Chemistry Study Using Electron Microprobe
A particular feature of biotite grains from some of the Canadian Appalachian granitic rocks is the presence of lenses of Ca-Al silicates developed along cleavage planes. These from the more to less common are prehnite, pumpellyite and grandite garnet, an intermediate composition between andradite and grossular. Rarely all three minerals can be observed together in one single biotite grain. Micr...
متن کاملA Pragmatic Study of Requestive Speech Act by Iranian EFL Learners and Canadian Native Speakers in Hotels
This study was an attempt to shed light on the use of requestive speech act by Iranian nonnative speakers (NNSs) of English and Canadian native speakers (NSs) of English to find out the (possible) similarities and/or differences between the request realizations, and to investigate the influence of the situational variables of power, distance, context familiarity, and L1’s (possible) influence. ...
متن کاملA generalized cost Malmquist index to compare the productivities of units with negative data in DEA
In some data envelopment analysis (DEA) applications, some inputs of DMUs have negative values with positive cost. This paper generalizes the global cost Malmquist productivity index to compare the productivity of dierent DMUs with negative inputs in any two periods of times under variable returns to scale (VRS) technology, and then the generalized index is decomposed to several components. The...
متن کاملLanguage and Variation: A Study of English and Persian Wh-questions
It was claimed by variationists that languages experience variation at all levels, which is supposed to be patterned. The present study aimed at exploring how variation occurred in English and Persian wh-questions. More specifically, it investigated whether such a variation was systematic and patterned. To this end, a modified version of the Edinburgh Map Task was used in data collection. The p...
متن کاملTo Wear or Not to Wear the Hijab Online (A Study of the Identity Performances of Muslim Canadian Women on Facebook)
This paper looks at how Muslim women with an Iranian background and now living in Canada perform their identity through wearing the hijab. This was achieved by observing the behavior of six members of this community on Facebook using Erving Goffman’s stigmatization theory. The observation reveals that women who wear the hijab are more likely to identify themselves as Muslim-Canadian while those...
متن کاملاستفاده از دادههای اقلیمی جهانی برای بازسازی خلأهای آماری دادههای دما و بارش (مطالعۀ موردی: ایستگاههای حوزۀ آبخیز خانمیرزا)
Introduction: Due to importance of data quality, issues relating to filling the missing data has found a great deal of interest. Regeneration methods for missing data can be classified into two kinds of classical and modern categories. Application of statistical methods such as relationship with nearby stations and approaches on the base of hydrological, climatological or physiographical simila...
متن کامل