Some Explorations , Using Canadian Data , of the S - Variable in

نویسنده

  • Lise Pichette
چکیده

A number of authors have suggested that economies face a long-run inflation-unemployment trade-off due to downward nominal-wage rigidity. This theory has implications for the nature of the short-run Phillips curve when wage inflation is low. Akerlof, Dickens and Perry have developed an empirical model in which a variable (S) designed to capture the effect of downward nominal-wage rigidity is constructed as part of the estimation of the short-run Phillips curve. Adding this variable dramatically improves the dynamic out-of-sample inflation forecasts of the curve in both the United States and Canada. In this paper we perform a variety of tests using both real and constructed data to address whether the addition of S truly does provide a better estimate of the short-run Phillips curve, and whether this constitutes evidence that downward nominal-wage rigidity increases the natural rate of unemployment in times of low wage inflation. Our main conclusion is that the performance of the S-enhanced Phillips curve in dynamic simulations is independent of whether downward nominal-wage rigidity is an important feature of the macroeconomy. JEL classifications: C52, E24, E50 Bank classifications: Monetary policy framework; Transmission of monetary policy Résumé Selon plusieurs auteurs, les économies seraient aux prises avec un arbitrage entre l’inflation et le chômage à long terme en raison de la rigidité à la baisse des salaires nominaux. La nature de la courbe de Phillips à court terme s’en trouverait alors modifiée en période de faible hausse des salaires. Akerlof, Dickens et Perry ont mis au point un modèle empirique dans lequel une variable (appelée S) destinée à saisir l’incidence de la rigidité des salaires nominaux est intégrée à l’estimation de la courbe de Phillips à court terme. L’insertion de cette variable permet d’améliorer considérablement les prévisions dynamiques de l’inflation produites par la courbe de Phillips au delà de la période d’estimation, tant pour les États-Unis que pour le Canada. Dans leur étude, Seamus Hogan et Lise Pichette appliquent un éventail de tests à des données réelles et artificielles en vue d’ établir si l’addition de la variable S donne lieu effectivement à une amélioration de l’estimation de la courbe de Phillips à court terme et si cette amélioration, le cas échéant, indique que la rigidité à la baisse des salaires nominaux fait augmenter le taux de chômage naturel en période de faible progression des salaires. Les auteurs concluent que le pouvoir de prévision de la courbe de Phillips augmentée de S en simulation dynamique ne varie pas selon qu’il y ait ou non rigidité des salaires nominaux dans l’économie. Classifications JEL : C52, E24, E50 Classifications de la Banque : Cadre de la politique2 monétaire; Transmission de la politique monétaire

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تاریخ انتشار 1994